Indications 

This medication is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of blood clots. Its applications include the prevention and treatment of blood clots in the lungs or legs, even in patients with atrial fibrillation. This medication is utilized in the treatment of specific blood clotting disorders.  

Serves as a preventive measure against blood clots following surgical procedures, during dialysis, in conjunction with blood transfusions, during blood sample collection, or when individuals are immobilized for extended periods. Heparin functions by enhancing the efficacy of a naturally occurring substance in the body known as the anti-clotting protein, thereby facilitating smooth blood flow. This medication is classified as an anticoagulant. 

Uses and Dosage 

Prior to commencing the use of heparin, consult the Patient Information Leaflet, if provided by the pharmacist, and review it each time you receive a refill. Should any inquiries arise, seek guidance from your doctor or pharmacist. 

The administration of this medication is performed through either intravenous injection or subcutaneous injection, following the directions provided by your doctor. Refrain from injecting this medication into a muscle. The appropriate dosage and frequency of use will be determined based on your medical condition, body weight, and response to treatment. 

In the event that heparin is being injected into a vein, flush the catheter or line with normal saline solution before and after infusing other medications that may interact with heparin, such as doxorubicin, droperidol, ciprofloxacin, and mitoxantrone. 

When administering heparin through subcutaneous injection, cleanse the injection site with rubbing alcohol. To minimize injury beneath the skin, alternate the injection site with each administration. 

If you are self-administering this medication at home, acquire comprehensive instructions on preparation and usage from your healthcare professional. Before usage, visually inspect the product for the presence of particles or discoloration. Should either be detected, refrain from using the liquid. Educate yourself on proper storage and safe disposal of medical supplies. 

Consistent use of this medication is crucial to obtain the maximum therapeutic benefits. To aid in adherence, administer heparin at the same designated times each day. 

Side effects 

Allergic Reaction

In the presence of allergic reactions to heparin, seek immediate medical assistance. Allergic reaction symptoms may encompass nausea, vomiting, sweating, hives, itching, breathing difficulties, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, as well as a sensation of impending loss of consciousness. 

Serious Side Effects

Heparin usage can lead to increased susceptibility to bleeding, which has the potential to be severe or life-threatening. Internal bleeding may occur. Promptly seek emergency medical attention if the following symptoms manifest: 

• Skin warmth or discoloration 
• Chest pain and irregular heartbeats 
• Shortness of breath, dizziness, anxiety, and sweating 
• Any unusual bleeding or bruising 
• Severe pain or swelling in the stomach, lower back, or groin 
• Development of dark or blue-colored skin on the hands or feet 
• Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite 
• Unusual tiredness 
• Persistent bleeding that does not cease 
• Presence of nosebleeds, blood in urine or stools, black or tarry stools, or coughing up blood or vomit resembling coffee grounds 

The administration of heparin can induce bleeding episodes both during the course of usage and for several weeks following its cessation. 

Older adults, particularly women over 60 years of age, may have a higher likelihood of experiencing bleeding episodes. 

Discontinue the use of this medication and promptly contact your doctor if the following occur: 

• Skin changes at the injection site 
• Fever, chills, runny nose, or watery eyes 
• Easy bruising, unusual bleeding, or the appearance of purple or red spots beneath the skin 
• Indications of a blood clot, such as sudden numbness or weakness, vision or speech problems, or swelling or redness in an arm or leg 

Common Side Effects

Common side effects associated with heparin usage may include: 

• Unusual bleeding or bruising 
• Uncontrolled bleeding 
• Allergic reactions 
• Abnormal liver function tests 

Cautions 

The utilization of heparin injection for the purpose of flushing (cleansing) an intravenous catheter must be avoided, as it could lead to fatal bleeding. A separate product specifically designed for catheter lock flush is available for this purpose. 

Heparin should not be employed if uncontrolled bleeding or a severe deficiency of platelets in the blood is present. Furthermore, individuals who have previously received a diagnosis of “heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,” characterized by low platelet levels resulting from heparin or pentosan polysulfate, should refrain from using this medication. 

Heparin heightens the risk of bleeding, which can have severe or life-threatening consequences. Regular assessments of blood clotting time will be necessary. 

In the event of unusual bleeding or bruising, severe abdominal or back pain, unusual fatigue, nosebleeds, blood in the urine or stools, coughing up blood, or persistent bleeding that does not cease, immediate medical attention should be sought by contacting your doctor or seeking emergency medical assistance. 

It should be noted that heparin can induce bleeding episodes both during the period of usage and for several weeks following its discontinuation.