Indications 

Dolutegravir is a medication used in combination with other HIV medications to help manage HIV infection. This medication works by reducing the amount of HIV in the body, which allows the immune system to function more effectively. By lowering the amount of HIV in the body, the medication can help prevent complications related to HIV infection, such as new infections and cancer, and improve the overall quality of life. Dolutegravir belongs to a class of drugs known as integrase inhibitors, which block the virus from growing and spreading to other cells. 

While dolutegravir can help manage HIV infection, is not a cure. To reduce the risk of spreading HIV to others, continue taking all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by a doctor. Effective barrier methods, such as latex or polyurethane condoms and dental dams, should be used during sexual activity as directed by a healthcare provider. Avoid sharing personal items, such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors, that may have come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids. Individuals should consult with their doctor or pharmacist for more information. 

Uses and Dosage 

Do not change dosage forms of dolutegravir without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. 

Take this medication by mouth, with or without food, usually 1 to 2 times a day as directed by your doctor. 

Take this medication at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking sucralfate and products containing aluminum or magnesium (such as antacids, laxatives, and buffered medications), which can decrease this drug’s effectiveness. 

If you are taking calcium or iron supplements, take dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these products. Alternatively, if you take dolutegravir with food, you can take calcium or iron supplements at the same time. 

The dosage is determined based on your medical condition, age, other medications you may be taking, and your response to treatment. In children, the dosage is based on weight. 

Inform your doctor and pharmacist of all the products you use, including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products. 

To achieve the best effect, take this medication at the same time(s) every day. 

Take this medication (and other HIV medications) exactly as prescribed by your doctor, and do not skip any doses. 

Avoid sharing personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information. 

Side Effects 

Common Side Effects 

• Headache  
• Trouble sleeping 

Contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly if either of these effects persists or worsens. 

Serious Side Effects 

• Symptoms of liver problems, such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin/eyes, or dark urine 
• Signs of kidney problems, such as changes in urination 
• Mental or mood changes, such as depression or thoughts of suicide 

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following serious symptoms, as they may indicate the re-emergence of previous infections or an overactive immune response: 

• Unexplained weight loss 
• Severe fatigue 
• Persistent muscle aches or weakness 
• Severe or persistent headaches 
• Joint pain 
• Numbness or tingling in hands, feet, arms, or legs 
• Vision changes 
• Signs of infection, such as fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, trouble breathing, cough, or non-healing skin sores 
• Signs of an overactive thyroid, such as irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance, fast or irregular heartbeat, bulging eyes, or enlarged thyroid gland 
• Signs of Guillain-Barre syndrome, such as unsteadiness, loss of coordination, difficulty swallowing, speaking, or chewing, or difficulty moving the eyes 

Allergic Reaction

While serious allergic reactions to this medication are rare, seek immediate medical attention if you experience any symptoms of such a reaction, such as rash, itching, or swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. 

Cautions 

Pregnancy 

Dolutegravir has been assigned to Pregnancy Category B by the FDA. Animal studies have not shown any evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies on pregnant women. Dolutegravir should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. 

Drug Interactions 

Dolutegravir may interact with other medications. Inform your doctor of all medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some drugs that may interact with dolutegravir include antacids, laxatives, and other drugs that contain aluminum, magnesium, calcium, or iron. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose or monitor you more closely if you are taking any of these medications. 

Other Medical Conditions 

Before taking dolutegravir, inform your doctor if you have any other medical conditions, especially liver disease, kidney disease, or any history of mental health problems. This medication may cause changes in mood or behavior and should be used with caution in patients with a history of depression, anxiety, or other mental health disorders.