Indications 

Cytoxan is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug classified as an alkylating agent indicated to treat malignant diseases or lymphomas, such as: 

• Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 
• Burkitt’s lymphoma 
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) 
• Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) 
• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) 
• T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) 
• Multiple myeloma 
• Neuroblastoma 
• Retinoblastoma 
• Breast cancer 
• Ovarian cancer 
• Preparatory treatment for bone marrow transplant 

Cytoxan is also indicated for pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome (a kidney damage-related disease) that is unresponsive, worsened, or recurrent after prior medication use or where other medications have caused intolerable side effects.  

Cyclophosphamide, the active ingredient in Cytoxan, exerts dual modes of action. In cancer treatment, it impedes or arrests the growth of cancerous cells in the body, while in nephrotic syndrome treatment, it suppresses the body’s immune system. 

Uses and Dosage 

Before starting treatment with Cytoxan and each subsequent refill, read its patient information leaflet and medication guide. Seek guidance from a healthcare professional if there is any part you do not understand. 

The dosage and length of intake of Cytoxan may vary per individual based on height and weight, general health or other health problems, other treatments being received, the type of cancer or condition to be treated, and response to the treatment. 

Typically, Cytoxan is taken once a day with food or after meals. Tablets should be swallowed whole, not cut, crushed, or chewed. 

Follow the prescribed dosage regimen for Cytoxan precisely, without taking more or less than the recommended dose or taking it more frequently than directed by the physician 

For optimal efficacy, take Cytoxan at around the same time every day. Do not stop intake without consulting a healthcare professional.  

Side Effects 

Listed below are the potential adverse reactions associated with Cytoxan. Most people will not experience all the side effects listed. However, if any of them persist or worsen, notify your physician or pharmacist. 

Common Side Effects 

• Severe nausea or vomiting  
• Loss of appetite 
• Stomach pain or upset 
• Diarrhea 
• Temporary hair loss 
• Unhealed wound   
• Missed menstrual periods 
• Discoloration of the skin or nails 

Serious Side Effects  

• Pink/bloody urine 
• Unusual decrease in the amount of urine 
• Mouth sores 
• Unusual tiredness or weakness 
• Joint pain 
• Easy bruising or bleeding 

Seek immediate medical assistance if you experience any of the severe symptoms listed above. 

Allergic Reactions 

Severe allergic response to Cytoxan is rare. However, get immediate medical assistance if you notice any indications of an allergic reaction, such as: 

• Rash 
• Itching 
• Face, tongue, or throat swelling 
• Severe dizziness 
• Difficulty breathing  

Note that the above-mentioned list of potential side effects of Cytoxan is not exhaustive. If any other effects not listed are experienced, contact your physician or pharmacist. 

Cautions 

Before taking Cytotec, notify your doctor or pharmacist of any known allergies, especially to cyclophosphamide or other chemotherapy drugs. 

Inactive ingredients in this medication may trigger allergic reactions or other unfavorable effects. Consult a pharmacist for more details. 

Inform your physician of your medical history, especially of: 

• Conditions that may impact bone marrow function, such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia 
• Liver disease 
• Kidney disease 
• Obstructive uropathy 
• Surgical removal of the adrenal glands 

Some products may interact with Cytoxan, including: 

• Allopurinol 
• Chloramphenicol 
• Chloroquine, digoxin 
• Phenobarbital 
• Phenothiazines 
• Primidone 
• St John’s wort 
• Turmeric (curcumin) 
• Voclosporin 

To avoid potential drug interactions, inform your doctor about all the medicines you are taking, including prescription/nonprescription drugs, vitamins, supplements, and herbal products. 

Increased fluid intake and frequent urination are recommended while taking Cytoxan to prevent kidney and bladder side effects. Consult your doctor for specific guidelines on fluid intake and bladder emptying and follow them closely. 

Before having any immunizations/vaccinations, inform the healthcare provider that you  are taking Cytoxan.  

Avoid contact with people with contagious infections, like chickenpox, measles, and flu, because there is a chance they could pass the virus on to you. Inform your doctor if you encounter an infection or require additional information. 

Handling this medication or inhaling dust from its tablets may lead to fetal harm, as the drug can permeate the skin and lungs. Pregnant or potentially pregnant women should refrain from such contact with this medication. 

Before initiating treatment with Cytoxan, notify your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or suspect you may be pregnant. Cyclophosphamide poses a risk to the fetus and should not be taken by pregnant women or those planning to conceive. 

For women taking Cytoxan, it is advisable to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least one year thereafter. Men using this medication should also use reliable contraception during use and for four months following cessation of treatment. 

Cyclophosphamide is excreted in breast milk and may cause harm to a nursing infant. Breastfeeding is not recommended when using this drug and for one week following treatment cessation. Consult your physician before breastfeeding.